Conservación y mejora de los hábitats del entorno inmediato del lago de Banyoles

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Palabras clave

Lago de Banyoles, Flora protegida, Control exóticas, Mejora de hábitats

Tipo de experiencia

Conservación

Subtipo de experiencia

Manejo de especies (fauna y flora)

Ámbito territorial

Cataluña

Espacio protegido

Espacio de Interés Natural del Lago de Banyoles

Entidad responsable de la experiencia

Espacio de Interés Natural del Lago de Banyoles

Situación de partida

La zona lacustre de Banyoles y concretamente el lago de Banyoles, se encuentra al lado de una ciudad de 17.000 habitantes, Banyoles. Este hecho conlleva unas problemáticas importantes de conservación del espacio natural como la ocupación del litoral por el crecimiento urbano, las infraestructuras viarias, las actividades recreativas y turísticas dentro y fuera del lago, la realización de competiciones deportivas de importancia (por ejemplo el mundial de remo Banyoles 2004) o la pesca deportiva en sus aguas son amenazas que recaen en el lago y su entorno, de manera que afectan y pueden alterar su ecosistema. El conjunto de amenazas que recibe este espacio natural así como su gran valor natural conllevan a la necesidad de planificar y ordenar la zona y sus usos de forma que se establezcan mecanismos de conservación y explotación de los recursos naturales.

Otras problemáticas que han afectado la zona y que actualmente aún están en expansión son por ejemplo la desecación de zonas húmedas para las actividades agrícolas, el ajardinamiento y artificialización del entorno del lago y la introducción de especies exóticas que requieren de programas de mejora y restauración. El objetivo general del proyecto es la recuperación e incremento en superficie de los humedales y bosque de ribera de la cuenca lacustre de Banyoles: bosques aluviales de Alnus glutinosa y Salix alba (Alno-Padion, Salicion albae) y bosques en galería de Salix alba y Populus alba. Con este fin se van a crear nuevas lagunas, naturalizar arroyos de cauce artificial y recuperar llanos de inundación en fincas de nueva adquisición.

Objetivos

• Actuaciones de conservación i mejora de los hábitats del entorno inmediato de l’estany de Banyoles.
• Control y erradicación de flora exótica
• Protección de flora protegida
• Mejora estructural de bosques aluviales y hábitats lacustres

Acciones desarrolladas

• Actuación de mejora de la estructura y composición de los bosques aluviales y prados con la eliminación de especies exóticas de la flora del noreste, norte y oeste del Lago de Banyoles, des del Parque de la Draga al Paraje dels Desmais.
• Actuación de mejora estructura de los bosques aluviales de Can Morgat i del bosque de Can Cisó: zona oeste del lago. * Antiguas plantaciones de chopos (Populus deltoides) y plátanos (Platanus X hybrida’’).
• Actuación de colocación de una valla de protección, mantenimiento del entrono de una fuente y señalización específica para la protección de elementos singulares de la flora (única población catalana de Thelipteris palustris) y vegetación (sobretodo para la protección del mansegar (Cladium mariscus’’) hábitat de interés comunitario) en la Font del Rector y paraje Corominas.

Resultados obtenidos

• El proyecto estableció una nueva etapa de gestión del lago constituyéndose una entidad pública de gestión: el Consorci de l’Estany, a través del cual se generaron 3 contratos laborales actualmente existentes y 11 convenios de cooperación educativa.
• Se adquirieron 21,98 ha de terrenos de alto potencial de restauración y valor ecológico
• Se ejecutó un proyecto de creación de lagunas construyendose 5 cubetas que inundan 9,6 ha. En sus márgenes se plantaron árboles y arbustos propios de los bosques aluviales.
• Se realizaron actuaciones de mejora de márgenes y de la vegetación en dos de los principales cauces que alimentan el lago.
• Eliminación de especies exóticas a través de la cota y erradicación de Prunus cerasifera, Pyracantha crenato-serrata, P. angustifolia, Cotoneaster angustifolia, Ligustrum lucidum, Populus deltoides, Arundo donax, etc.
• Se construyó un paso de fauna para anfibios
• Diversas actuaciones de ordenación del uso público
• Durante todo el proyecto se han llevado a cabo numerosas acciones de sensibilización de los ciudadanos y visitantes,
• La Universitat de Girona fue la encargada de llevar a cabo el seguimiento científico del proyecto por diversos especialistas.
• También se revisaron documentos jurídicos de regulación de los usos.

Lecciones aprendidas

Algunas dificultades en la compra de fincas. Para resolver este problema se definieron fincas potenciales de compra y fue necesario realizar una propuesta de modificación del proyecto.

Información complementaria

• Informe justificativo de finalización de los trabajos

Más información

Presupuesto

Entre 15 000 € y 50 000 € (28 500 €)

Instrumento de gestión en el que se enmarca

• Otros:
  • Plan de Espacios de Interés Natural de Cataluña (1992)
  • Plan Especial de Protecció, ordenació i restauració de l’entorn immediat de l’Estany de Banyoles (sector de llevant) promovido por el ay. de Banyoles (aprovado en 1991)
  • Plan de actuación anual de 2008 con carácter extraordinario (ayuda anual del Gobierno Catalán en el marco de subvenciones dirigidas a espacios naturales protegidos en concreto de la Red Natura 2000)

Sistema de seguimiento y evaluación

• No existe seguimiento rutinario de resultados. Sólo a través de la observación por el equipo técnico del Consorci y revisión por las brigadas de mantenimiento del Consorci de l’Estany.
• Plan de seguimiento científico a cargo de la Universitat de Girona.

Difusión de los resultados

[[Difusión de los resultados::Durante todo el proyecto se han llevado a cabo numerosas acciones de sensibilización de los ciudadanos y visitantes, y de divulgación de las actuaciones.

Se creó un logotipo del espacio natural y se inició una campaña de comunicación con numerosas apariciones en distintos medios (audiovisuales 72, prensa escrita y publicaciones 106, recursos electrónicos 179, entre otros) y también en eventos locales. Se editaron folletos, un póster y un vídeo, y se creó un entorno web [1]. Otra forma de difusión del proyecto y sus resultados fue la instalación de paneles, el diseño de una exposición itinerante, la edición de un informe divulgativo y la creación de unidades didácticas para escolares y universitarios algunas de ellas enlazadas con el Museo Darder, Espai d’Interpretació de l’Estany. Otra acción del proyecto orientada a la divulgación científica y a la gestión de espacios naturales a través de la realización de un Simposium científico sobre gestión y conservación de lagunas temporáneas mediterráneas.]]

Recursos humanos

Equipo técnico del Consorci de l’Estany y contratación de una empresa especializada en trabajos forestales. También se ha llevado a cabo un Convenio con el Centro Especial de Trabajo que depende del Consell Comarcal Pla de l’Estany.

Recursos materiales

Equipos especializados en jardinería.

Entidades implicadas

• Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Otras administraciones públicas).

• Universitat de Girona (Universidades y centros de investigación).

• Consorci de l’Estany (Otras entidades).

Fuentes de financiación

• Presupuesto del espacio protegido: Presupuesto del Consorci de l’Estany 30 %
• Presupuesto de la Consejería: Presupuesto del Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge de la Generalitat de Catalunya en el marco de las subvenciones para espacios de la Red Natura 2000: 70 %
• Fondos europeos: LIFE Naturaleza de "Restauración de los ambientes acuáticos de Porqueres y de Banyoles"

Modo de contratación

• Convenio colaboración: Convenio colaboración al COIET (Centro Especial de Trabajo del Consell Comarcal del Pla de l’Estany)
• Contrato de obra / servicio: Contrato de obra a una empresa especializada en trabajos forestales.

Contactos

• Miquel Campos Llach (mcampos@consorcidelestany.org)

Fecha de inicio y de fin

2008/10/14 - 2009/03/30 (finalizada)

Fecha de creación

3 julio 2009 08:20:33

Cartografía

Cargando el mapa…

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Observaciones

Instrumento de planificación en el que se encuadra

Otros:

• Plan de Espacios de Interés Natural de Cataluña (1992)
• Pla Especial de Protecció, ordenació i restauració de l’entorn immediat de l’Estany de Banyoles (sector de llevant) promovido por el ay. de Banyoles (aprovado en 1991)
• Plan de actuación anual de 2008 con carácter extraordinario (ayuda anual del Gobierno Catalán en el marco de subvenciones dirigidas a espacios naturales protegidos en concreto de la Red Natura 2000)