Adecuación del estado ecológico de la charca de experimentación e interpretación “El Coterillo”

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Palabras clave

Restauración, humedales, fartet, macroinvertebrados

Tipo de experiencia

Conservación

Subtipo de experiencia

Manejo de especies (fauna y flora)

Espacio protegido

Parque Regional Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

Entidad responsable de la experiencia

Parque Regional Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar

Situación de partida

• La charca, propiedad de la Comunidad Autónoma, se creó de forma artificial, con el objetivo de conservar la población del fartet. Tiene un perímetro aproximado de 1.200 metros y una profundidad media entre 20 y 30 cm. Es alimentada por un efluente que vierte en su esquina sudoeste y procede de los excedentes de las plantas de cultivos del Centro de Recursos Marinos del IMIDA.

La charca carece de un canal o conducto directo de salida al mar, por lo que todas las salidas se producen por evaporación o drenaje difuso sub-superficial. Según las conclusiones del estudio “Evaluación del estado ecológico de la charca de experimentación e interpretación El Coterillo”, realizado por personal investigador de la Universidad de Murcia, estas circunstancias han provocado que:

• el valor medio de la salinidad de la charca se eleve en unos 20 mg/l en una década, por lo que se esta produciendo una evolución de aguas mixohalinas a hipersalinas. Esto, junto al exceso de nutrientes, conlleva un exceso de productividad y acumulación de materia orgánica en muchas zonas, que le están llevando a la anoxia, los procesos fermentativos y la acidificación del medio.

• los procesos dominantes son la acumulación de formas reducidas de los nutrientes en el sedimento, debido probablemente a la falta de oxigeno disuelto en las zonas de mayor acumulación de materia orgánica.

• si bien los grupos faunísticos de posición más alta en la cadena trófica (aves y fartet) aun no muestran respuestas negativas frente a estos cambios, la comunidad de macroinvertebrados ha sufrido una pérdida destacable de biodiversidad.

• si no se actúa al respecto, las perspectivas de evolución futura del sistema apuntan a la colmatación progresiva de la cubeta, quedando una formación típica de saladar, con un sedimento cargado de materia orgánica.
• Las dos medidas aportadas por el estudio como mejores para resolver los problemas de eutrofización acelerada y perdida de valores de biodiversidad, son:
• cambiar el origen del efluente y la creación de un sistema de drenaje efectivo.

• Ambas medidas pueden ser aplicadas en el caso de poder incluir esta charca dentro del complejo salinero como una nueva balsa almacenadora. La incorporación a la red de canales salineros de conducción del agua bruta y la gestión de esta charca como si de una almacenadora se tratara, asegura un efectivo intercambio de agua y un mantenimiento de los valores naturales del entorno.

Objetivos

• Acercamiento al equilibrio del medio hídrico característico de una laguna litoral, alcanzando valores medios de parámetros físico-químicos descritos en los estudios de los años 90.
• Recuperar la diversidad biótica (macroinvertebrados, macroalgas y aves nidificantes) descritos en los estudios de los años 90.
• Conservación de los valores naturales asociados a las aguas minero-industriales mediante un aprovechamiento productivo compatible.
• Mejorar la calidad paisajística de la zona.

Acciones desarrolladas

• Conexión del circuito salinero con la charca de “El Coterillo”ya que los técnicos salineros aseguran el mantenimiento de las condiciones de salinidad del agua, parámetro determinante para mantener las condiciones naturales de una laguna costera.
• Construcción de los tablachos de gestión de la entrada y salida agua de la charca de “El Coterillo”.
• Dragado de 140 metros del antiguo canal salinero que comunica la charca artificial con el circuito de charcas salinas. Como medidas de seguridad: instalación de 140 metros de barandilla de madera junto al canal y en las bocas de paso de agua a ambos lados de la carretera (una de ellas junto al carril bici del Parque).
• Eliminación del efluente (aporte de nutrientes) a la charca procedente de las balsas del Centro de Recursos Marinos.
• Programa de Seguimiento Biológico en la zona.

Resultados obtenidos

Estabilización de los parámetros físico-químicos del medio hídrico hasta acercarse a los característicos de una balsa calentadora salinera, mediante la inclusión de la charca de “El Coterillo” al circuito salinero. Por parte del personal técnico salinero se lleva acabo la gestión de la entrada y salida de agua.

Eliminación de una fuente de incorporación de nutrientes al medio hídrico mediante cerrado del efluente que provenía de las balsas de cultivo del Centro de Recursos Marinos.

Adecuación paisajística y recuperación del patrimonio etnográfico mediante el dragado del antiguo canal salinero y mejora de las infraestructuras de seguridad. Tras las acciones de adecuación ecológica de la charca de “El Coterillo”, el primer censo de avifauna ha detectado un incremento de las especies nidificantes en la charca. Se encuentran en estudio las poblaciones de macroinvertebrados y de vegetación de la laguna. 1 Aumento de la difusión de los valores ambientales de la zona mediante la actualización de la cartelería interpretativa la difusión de la adecuación de la charca de “El Coterillo” mediante la publicación de varias notas de prensa.

Más información

Presupuesto

Menos de 15 000 € (4 240€)

Instrumento de gestión en el que se enmarca

• PORN: .

Sistema de seguimiento y evaluación

• Características geomorfológicas.
• Características fisicoquímicas del agua.
• Concentración de nutrientes.
• Densidad de población de Fartet.
• Composición de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados.
• Composición de la comunidad de macroalgas.

Difusión de los resultados

• Cartelería interpretativa sobre la charca de experimentación e interpretación “El Coterillo”.
• Se ha redactado una Nota de Prensa dónde se recoge esta actuación junto aotras realizadas en el Espacio Natural durante el último año.
• Se realizará cartelería interpretativa sobre las actuaciones de mejora ecológica llevadas a cabo.

Recursos humanos

Personal técnico del Parque, personal técnico salinero, encargado de obra, oficial de primera, dos peones y 2 conductores.

Recursos materiales

• Retrocargadora, camión centauro, dos grupos electrógenos y bomba de achique de agua.
• Piquetes de acacia, malla, alambre y grampiñones (cierre), redondos de madera tratada (Ø 10 x400cm y 12x120 cm), material para la captación de agua, aliviadero, conducciones, fontanería y abrevadero.

Entidades implicadas

• Área protegida.

• Universidades y centros de investigación.

• Experto independiente.

• Otras administraciones públicas.

Fuentes de financiación

• Presupuesto de la Consejería: 25 %
• Fondos europeos: FEDER 70 %

Modo de contratación

Contrato de obra / servicio

Contactos

• Alfredo González Rincón (alfredo.gonzalez@carm.es)

• Teresa López Aledo (pr-salinasdesanpedro@listas.carm.es)

Fecha de inicio y de fin

septiembre 2011 (en ejecución)

Fecha de creación

19 octubre 2011 08:54:51

Cartografía

Cargando el mapa…

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Observaciones

Objeto de conservación sobre el que se actúa

• Fauna: Fartet (Aphanius iberus), macro invertebrados y avifauna
  • Procesos ecológicos: Circulación del agua
  • Elementos culturales: Explotación salinera