Aplicación de quemas prescritas para la recuperación de los pastos y el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad en el Parque Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera del Montseny

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Palabras clave

Pastos, fuego, quemas prescritas, áreas abiertas

Tipo de experiencia

Conservación

Subtipo de experiencia

Gestión forestal

Ámbito territorial

Cataluña

Espacio protegido

Parque Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera del Montseny

Entidad responsable de la experiencia

Parque Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera del Montseny

Situación de partida

La aplicación de las quemas prescritas para la recuperación de pastos se introduce en el Montseny para revertir la colonización de los antiguos pastizales por vegetación arbustiva y arbórea, posteriormente a la reciente aplicación de trabajos mecánicos como la siega, desbroce y trituración, con el mismo fin.

Se aplica en dos ámbitos geográficos diferentes del parque (zonas culminales de prados subalpinos del Matagalls y en pastos mesófilos del Pla de la Calma) y se realiza un seguimiento posterior para valorar su efecto sobre la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas afectados así como sobre la producción y composición química de la hierba.

Objetivos

Recuperación de pastos

Acciones desarrolladas

El fuego controlado de baja intensidad es aplicado por el grupo GRAF de los bomberos de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

En 2012 y 2014 se actúa en los prados del Matagalls, con aplicaciones del fuego en las técnicas de quema selectiva de arbustos y quema continua de matorral, según las áreas. Posteriormente se realiza el seguimiento sobre la flora (parcelas en zonas de matorral y de helecho e inventario de enebros aislados), transectos de mariposas diurnas y censos de perdiz. En los pastos del pla de la Calma, en 2013, se aplica fuego continuo descendente en una zona y desbroce mecánico en otra, se instalan parcelas de exclusión del ganado y se realizan muestreos y transectos para conocer el efecto sobre la flora, la producción y la composición química de la hierba en ambos tratamientos.

Resultados obtenidos

• Los resultados obtenidos indican que la quema prescrita es una herramienta útil y viable para la recuperación de los pastos y de la biodiversidad.
  • En el ensayo del Matagalls se observa un aumento de la superficie pratense, del valor de los pastos y de la diversidad específica.
  • Las comunidades de mariposas diurnas se ven favorecidas.
  • Las quemas no tienen un efecto negativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de las parejas de perdiz.
  • En el seguimiento del Pla de la Calma se comprueba que la quema es tan útil como el desbroce para la recuperación de prados, no observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos tratamientos, ni respecto al control, sobre la composición florística, la diversidad ecológica, la riqueza de especies, la producción y la composición química de la hierba.
  • La quema permite reducir la presencia de especies leñosas y la hierba es más atractiva para el ganado, a la vez que requiere menor coste económico.

Más información

Presupuesto

Instrumento de gestión en el que se enmarca

PRUG

Recursos humanos

• Personal técnico y operarios del Parque Natural del Montseny
• Investigadores de la UAB
• Bomberos del GRAF

Recursos materiales

• Material mecánico para el desbroce y retirada de la biomasa. Material para la instalación de las parcelas de exclusión.
• Material de recogida de muestras y análisis de laboratorio.
• Vehículos y material específico para la quema y prevención de la extinción del fuego.

Fuentes de financiación

Presupuesto del espacio protegido: 100% Presupuesto del Parque Naural del Montseny (Diputación de Barcelona y Diputación de Girona)

Contactos

• Luis Martínez Ujaldón (martinezul@diba.cat)

Fecha de inicio y de fin

2012 - 2014 (finalizada)

Fecha de creación

1 agosto 2017 13:31:35

Cartografía

Cargando el mapa…

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Observaciones

Resultados obtenidos

Los resultados obtenidos indican que la quema prescrita es una herramienta útil y viable para la recuperación de los pastos y de la biodiversidad.

• En el ensayo del Matagalls se observa un aumento de la superficie pratense, del valor de los pastos y de la diversidad específica.
• Las comunidades de mariposas diurnas se ven favorecidas.
• Las quemas no tienen un efecto negativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de las parejas de perdiz.
• En el seguimiento del Pla de la Calma se comprueba que la quema es tan útil como el desbroce para la recuperación de prados, no observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos tratamientos, ni respecto al control, sobre la composición florística, la diversidad ecológica, la riqueza de especies, la producción y la composición química de la hierba.
• La quema permite reducir la presencia de especies leñosas y la hierba es más atractiva para el ganado, a la vez que requiere menor coste económico.